第六十四輯.第一期 - 2018-03-31

邁向倫理為主的經濟思維: P. Ulrich「統整的經濟倫理學」 及其教育蘊義

Towards an Ethically-based Economic Thinking: A Study on P. Ulrich’s “Integrative Economic Ethics” and Its Implications for Education

作 者:
劉子菁 / Tzu-Chin Liu
關鍵字:
P. Ulrich、全人教育、社會—經濟理性、統整的經濟倫理學、經濟人 / P. Ulrich, holistic education, socio-economic rationality, integrative economic ethics, economic man
  • 摘要
  • 英文摘要
  • 參考文獻
  • 全文下載
新自由主義的市場化理念與競爭機制引發許多爭議,但現代經濟學背後的運 作邏輯恐怕才是問題的主要根源。本研究旨在探討P. Ulrich的核心思維,以釐清 當前教育中的經濟迷思,使教育遠離經濟主義。「統整的經濟倫理學」的核心 內涵包括:第一,「統整」取徑是一種以「經濟倫理」為導向的思維,使經濟為 生命服務。第二,以「社會—經濟理性」做為經濟活動的規範基礎,其中,倫理 理性優先於「純」經濟理性。第三,不同於「矯正」與「規範」取徑的科學化路 線,「統整」取徑整全地包含憲法、制度與行動層次。最後,本文提出「統整」 取徑有助於釐清經濟與教育的關係,破除當前教育裡的「市場偶像」,使教育免 於淪為經濟的附庸,而造成全人教育的消失。此外,「統整」取徑支持教育以倫 理價值為優先,透過理性的溝通與對話,省思生活世界中經濟課題的倫理意涵。
The ideas of marketization and competition mechanism of contemporary neoliberalism have caused plenty of controversies. However, instead of neoliberalism, the logics behind modern economics is probably the root of the problems. This study aims to analyze Peter Ulrich’s thought for clarifying the economic myth in education, i.e. guiding education to be distant from economism. The central contents of Ulrich’s “integrative economic ethics” are as below. Firstly, the “integrative” approach is an economic-ethical thinking, aiming at the service of life. It leads a market society toward civilization from economic ideology. Secondly, “socio-economic rationality” is the normative foundation of economic activities in which ethical rationality is prior to “pure” economic rationality. Thirdly, different from the scientific route emphasized by “corrective” and “normative” approaches, the “integrative” approach holistically encompasses constitution, system and action level. In conclusion, the “integrative”approach contributes to clarify the relationship between economy and education. It sheds light to break “idol of the market place” in education. Education is no longer an economic instrument by which the idea of holistic education is eliminated. In this way, education can help individuals establish ultimate goals based on the ethical value through rational communication and dialogue, cultivating students in reflecting ethical meaning within economic issues.

王俊斌(2012)。效用、基本善與能力發展— 論「平等」的多元視野及其教育蘊義。 教育研究集刊,58(2),37-69

[Wang, J.-B. (2012). Utility, primary goods, and the capabilities approach: Multiple perspectives on “equality” and their educational implications. Bulletin of Educational Research, 58(2), 37-69.]

王俊斌(2013)。論當代「能力取向理論」及其對高等教育研究之影響。教育科學期 刊,12(2),1-21

[Wang, J.-B. (2013). A study of the contemporary development of “capability approach theory” and its influence on higher education research. The Journal of Educational Science, 12(2), 1-21.]

林逢祺(2012)。書評:《不為營利:民主社會為何需要人文涵育?》。當代教育研 究,20(1),165-179

[Lin, F.-C. (2012). A book review on M. C. Nussbaum’s Not for profit: Why democracy needs the humanity? Contemporary Educational Research Quarterly, 20(1), 165-179.

聶文軍(2004)。亞當‧斯密經濟倫理思想研究。北京市:中國社會科學。
[Nie, W.-J. (2004). A study on Adam Smith’s thought of economic ethics. Beijin, China: Chinese Social Science.]

Alvey, J. E. (1999). A short history of economics as a moral science. Journal of Markets & Morality, 2(1), 53-73.

Alvey, J. E. (2011). A short history of ethics and economics: The Greeks. Cheltenham, UK:Edward Elgar.

Bacon, F. (2005). The four idols. The new organon (Book 1). In L. Spedding, R. L. Ellis, & D.D. Heath (Eds.), The works of Francis Bacon (Vol. 8, pp. 1-8). Boston, MA: Taggard and Thompson. (Original work published 1863)

Davis, J. B. (2012). The homo economicus conception of the individual: An ontological approach. In U. Mäki (Ed.), Philosophy of economics (pp. 459-482). Amsterdam,Netherlands: Elsevier.

Diesing, P. (1950). The nature and limitation of economic rationality. Ethics, 61(1), 12-26. Fullbrook, E. (2002). The post-autistic economics movement: A brief history. Journal of Australian Political Economy, 50, 14-23.

Habermas, J. (2004). The theory of communicative action, Volume 1: Reason and rationalization of society (T. McCarthy, Trans.). Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. (Original work published 1985)

Hill, D. (Ed.). (2009). Contesting neoliberal education: Public resistance and collective advance. New York, NY: Routledge.

Kamarck, A. M. (2012). Economics as a social science: An approach to nonautistic theory. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

Koslowski, P. (2008). Some principles of ethical economy. In C. Cowton & M. Haase (Eds.),Trends in business and economic ethics (pp. 31-70). Berlin, Germany: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Kontrapunkt. (n.d.). Über die Autorin: Prof. em. Dr. rer. Pol Peter Ulrich. Retrieved December 11, 2015, from http://www.rat-kontrapunkt.ch/author/peter-ulrich/

Library of Economics and Liberty. (2008). The concise encyclopedia of economics: Alfred Marshall (1842-1924). Retrieved from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Marshall.html

McLaren, P. (2009). Foreward. In D. Hill (Ed.), Contesting neoliberal education: Public resistance and collective advance (pp. 83-109). New York, NY: Routledge.

Meikle, S. (1995). Aristotle’s economic thought. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.

Morgan, W. J. (2013). Ethics, economics and higher education: A comment. Journal of Citizenship, Social and Economic Education, 12(2), 129-135.

Powelson, J. P. (2000). The moral economy. Michigan, USA: The University of Michigan Press. 

Portland Independent Media Center. (2012). Justice of efficiency: Interview with Peter Ulrich.Retrieved from http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2012/01/413580.shtml

Putnam, H., & Walsh, V. (2012). Facts, theories, values and destitution in the works of Sir Partha Dasgupta. In H. Putnam & V. Walsh. (Eds.), The end of value-free economics (pp. 150-171). London, UK: Routledge.

Regan, B. (2009). Campaigning against neoliberal education in Britain. In D. Hill (Ed.),Contesting neoliberal education: Public resistance and collective advance (pp. 83-109). New York, NY: Routledge.

Ross, I. (1995). The Life of Adam Smith. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.

Sen, A. (1986). Adam Smith’s prudence. In S. Lall & F. Stewart (Eds.), Theory and reality in development (pp. 28-37). London, UK: MacMillan.

Sen, A. (1987). On ethics and economics. Oxford, UK: B. Blackwell.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2012). Philosophy of economics. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/economics/#1.2

Ulrich, P. (1998). Towards an Ethically-based conception of socio-economic rationality: From the social contract theory to discourse ethics as the normative foundation of political economy (3rd ed.). Retrieved from https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/17923/1/B%26B- 29%20Socioeconomic%20Rationality.pdf

Ulrich, P. (2008). Integrative economic ethics: Foundations of a civilized market (J. Fearns, Trans.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Ulrich, P. (2009). Civilizing the market economy: The approach of integrative economic ethics to sustainable development. Retrieved from https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/52804/1/ Bericht-114%20Ulrich_Sustainability.pdf

Ulrich, P., & Chesney, M. (2014). Universitätssponsoring im Spannungsfeld zwischen öffentlichen und privaten Interessen. Retrieved from http://www.rat-kontrapunkt.ch/ wissenschaft-und-bildung/kontrapunkt-texte/universitatssponsoring-im-spannungsfeld- zwischen-offentlichen-und-privaten-interessen/

Ulrich, P., & Thielemann, U. (1993). How do managers think about market economies and morality? Empirical enquiries into business-ethical thinking patterns. Journal of Business Ethics, 12(11), 879-898.

White, M. D. (2011). Kantian ethics and economics: Autonomy, dignity and character. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.