第六十六輯．第一期 - 2020-03-31

研究紀要/學術評論:十二年國教資訊科技科目學習次概念之探究

Research Notes/Scholarly Commentaries:Identifying Learning Concepts for the New 12-Year Basic Education ICT Curriculum: A Delphi Survey

作　者：
胡秋帆、王恩慈、吳正己、林育慈 / Chiu-Fan Hu, An-Tsu Wang, Cheng-Chih Wu, Yu-Tzu Lin
關鍵字：
資訊科技課綱、德懷術、學習概念 / ICT curriculum, Delphi survey, learning concepts
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  • 英文摘要
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十二年國教課綱增設科技領域資訊科技科目，該科學習內容包括「演算 法」、「程式設計」、「系統平台」、「資料表示、處理及分析」、「資訊科技 應用」及「資訊科技與人類社會」等類別，各類別下分別列出相關之學習概念， 但所列出之學習概念範圍較大，致教師或學者常有不同解讀。本研究以德懷術 探究學習概念下應包含之次概念，先邀請專家針對課綱草案41項學習概念草擬共 117項次概念，經三回合調查後，達共識之次概念共92項，未達共識者有26項， 惟其中15項已於課綱學習概念中明訂，故本研究最後提出107項建議學習之次概 念。本研究所得結果獲課綱參採，納入於課綱附錄的學習概念補充說明中。建議 未來課綱修訂應以本研究方式進行學習次概念之調查，未來研究應增加國中資訊 教師人數以提升代表性，並提供大學教授更多教學現場之背景資料及經驗。
The new Information and Communication Technology (ICT) curriculum for the new 12-Year Basic Education in Taiwan consists of seven categories of knowledge: algorithms, programming, system platform, data representation and process, ICT application, and ICT & human society. The draft curriculum only outlined broader learning concepts under each category. This may be a flexible way but it might cause confusion when schools and teachers implement the curriculum. This study employed Delphi technique to identify sub-concepts under each learning concept of the curriculum. Twenty-one computer science educators from schools and universities served as the Delphi expert panel. After three rounds of questionnaire survey, 107 sub- concepts were identified and recommended for students to learn. The results were adopted in the appendix of the final released version of the ICT curriculum. This study recommended that the secondary ICT curriculum or teaching guidelines should include sub-concepts; the number of junior high school computer teachers should be increased to match the expert representation; finally, more information and ICT course planning experience should be provided to professors.

何榮桂(2015)。試論十二年國民基本教育「資訊科技」課程綱要規劃草案。教育研究 月刊，250，48-64。 

[Ho, R.-G. (2015). Evaluation of the draft computer and information technology curriculum in twelve-year national fundamental education. Journal of Education Research, 250, 48-64.] 

林育慈、吳正己(2016)。運算思維與中小學資訊科技課程。教育脈動，6。取自https:// teric.naer.edu.tw/wSite/ct?ctNode=655&mp=teric_b&xItem=1852991&resCtNode=453& OWASP_CSRFTOKEN=RLO9-WGBQ-57ZC-S3FJ-AOPZ-ZGLW-KKI0-ALXI 

[Lin, Y.-T., & Wu, C.-C. (2016). Computational thinking and 12-Year Basic Education ICT curriculum. Pulse of Education, 6. Retrieved from https://teric.naer.edu.tw/ wSite/ct?ctNode=655&mp=teric_b&xItem=1852991&resCtNode=453&OWASP_ CSRFTOKEN=RLO9-WGBQ-57ZC-S3FJ-AOPZ-ZGLW-KKI0-ALXI] 

吳淑禎(2011)。中等學校師資培育課程的發展特色與教育專業課程的能力指標分析。 教育研究集刊，57(4)，1-41。 

[Wu, S.-C. (2011). The curriculum development characteristics and competence indicator analysis of the secondary school teacher education programs. Bulletin of Educational Research, 57(4), 1-41.] 

教育部(2014)。十二年國民基本教育課程綱要總綱。臺北市:作者。
[Ministry of Education, Taiwan. (2014). Curriculum guidelines of 12-Year Basic Education: 

General guidelines. Taipei, Taiwan: Author.] 教育部(2015)。十二年國民基本教育課程綱要:國民中小學暨普通型高級中等學校「科技領域」(草案)。臺北市:作者。

[Ministry of Education, Taiwan. (2015). Curriculum guidelines of 12-Year Basic Education: Technology learning area (draft). Taipei, Taiwan: Author.] 

教育部(2018)。十二年國民基本教育課程綱要:國民中小學暨普通型高級中等學校「科技領域」。臺北市:作者。

[Ministry of Education, Taiwan. (2018). Curriculum guidelines of 12-Year Basic Education: Technology area. Taipei, Taiwan: Author.]

國家教育研究院(2019)。十二年國民基本教育課程綱要:科技領域課程手冊。新北 市:作者。 

[National Academy for Educational Research. (2019). Curriculum guidelines of 12-Year Basic Education: Curriculum handbook for Technology learning area. New Taipei, Taiwan: Author.] 

Australian Curriculum, Assessment, Reporting Authority. (2013). Digital technologies. Retrieved from https://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/f-10-curriculum/technologies/digital- technologies/ 

California State Board of Education. (2018). Computer science education. Retrieved from https://www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/computerscicontentstds.asp 

Clayton, M. J. (1997). Delphi: A technique to harness expert opinion for critical decision-making tasks in education. Educational Psychology, 17(4), 373-386. 

College Board. (2017). AP computer science principles. Retrieved from https://apcentral. collegeboard.org/pdf/ap-computer-science-principles-course-and-exam-description. pdf?course=ap-computer-science-principles 

Computer Science Teachers Association. (2017). K-12 computer science standards. Retrieved from http://www.csteachers.org/page/standards 

Computing at School. (2014). Computing in the national curriculum. Retrieved from https:// community.computingatschool.org.uk/resources/2619/single 

Department for Education. (2013). National curriculum in England: Computing programmes of study. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-curriculum- in-england-computing-programmes-of-study 

K-12 Computer Science Framework. (2016). Retrieved from https://k12cs.org/

Lin, Y. T., Wang, M. T., & Wu, C. C. (2019). Design and implementation of interdisciplinary STEM instruction: Teaching programming by computational physics. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(1), 77-91. 

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